Tuberculosis (TB) is a global burden, affecting millions of people worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent of TB and understanding the biology of M. tuberculosis is essential for tackling this devastating disease. The cell wall of M. tuberculosis is highly impermeable and plays a protective role in establishing infection. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is the mycobacterial glycolipid containing a long mannose polymer. LAM structures have a significant impact on the cell wall integrity of mycobacteria. The structural role for LAM is important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis is the only WHO-endorsed TB biomarker that can be detected in urine, an easily collected sample.